ArticleTherapeutic advances in neurological disorders2026
Preliminary observations on the efficacy of efgartigimod in anti-LGI1-associated autoimmune encephalitis.
Article in Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI-1) antibodies are the second most common cause of autoimmune encephalitis, which is characterized by frequent seizures, memory loss, and psychiatric symptoms. Although most patients respond well to immunotherapy, treatment is often delayed or insufficient, resulting in a 14%-35% relapse rate and persistent neurological deficits. Therefore, exploring fast-acting and targeted therapies is crucial. Objectives: To present a series of cases involving anti-LGI1 encephalitis treated with efgartigimod, and to assess the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach in managing this condition. Design: A prospective, multicenter, and observational study. Methods: This study prospectively enrolled patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis treated with efgartigimod and conducted a systematic review of the literature on the use of efgartigimod for anti-LGI1 encephalitis. The clinical outcomes before and 2 weeks after treatment were then compared. Results: A total of eight patients and two additional cases from the literature were included in the study, with a mean age of 55.6 ± 15.88 years and a male-to-female ratio of 6:4. The predominant clinical manifestations among the patients included seizures, psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities, and memory decline. Following treatment with efgartigimod, the modified Rankin scale ( Conclusion: This study suggests that efgartigimod may offer promising efficacy and safety for patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Further randomized controlled trials involving larger cohorts and extended follow-up periods are required to validate these findings.
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