ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
Nutritional vulnerability, food insecurity, and unmet supportive care needs in multiple myeloma: a cross-sectional study from China.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma patients experience nutritional vulnerability through disease-related factors, treatment toxicity, and systemic inflammation, yet comprehensive assessment integrating validated nutrition screening with health equity dimensions remains limited. This study characterized nutritional vulnerability prevalence, determinants, and supportive-care access barriers among Chinese multiple myeloma patients. Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional observational study conducted at Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory, Taiyuan, China (January 2020-December 2024) employed comprehensive assessment including Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGA-SF), Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), EORTC QLQ-C30/MY20 quality of life questionnaires, anthropometry, handgrip strength, biochemical markers, food insecurity screening and systematic barriers evaluation. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of composite nutritional vulnerability; principal component analysis explored multidimensional phenotype structure. Results: Among 286 patients completing assessment (mean age 59.8 ± 13.0 years; 52.4% male; 49.3% relapsed/refractory), 57.3% (95% CI: 51.6-62.9) had moderate-to-high nutritional risk, including 7.0% with critical vulnerability. Risk increased across treatment phases (50.7% newly diagnosed, 44.7% remission, 63.7% relapsed, 74.0% refractory; p-trend = 0.002), and composite nutritional vulnerability affected 61.2%. High symptom burden (ESAS ≥40) was dominant independent correlate (adjusted OR = 5.03, 95% CI: 3.08-10.05; Conclusion: Nutritional vulnerability in multiple myeloma is highly prevalent, symptom-driven, and inadequately addressed despite devastating quality of life impact, with food insecurity and systemic access barriers compounding clinical risk among socioeconomically vulnerable populations.
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