Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42027266›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026

Development and psychometric validation of the ethical AI Dilemma Anxiety Scale among university students.

Mamdouh Mosaad Helali, Mamdouh Mahmoud Mostafa, Hussam Khalifah Aldawsari, Ashraf Ragab Ibrahim, Amani Mohammed Bukhamseen, Mohamed Ali Nemt-Allah

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Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mamdouh Mosaad HelaliThe National Research Center for Giftedness and Creativity, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Mamdouh Mahmoud MostafaMental Health Department, Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Hussam Khalifah AldawsariPsychology and Education Department, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Ashraf Ragab IbrahimEducational Psychology and Statistics Department, Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University, Tafhna Al-Ashraf, Egypt.
Amani Mohammed BukhamseenSpecial Education Department, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed Ali Nemt-AllahEducational Psychology and Statistics Department, Faculty of Education, Al-Azhar University, Tafhna Al-Ashraf, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ethical AI Dilemma Anxiety refers to the psychological distress experienced by university students when confronting moral uncertainties surrounding the use of artificial intelligence in academic contexts. Despite growing recognition of this phenomenon, validated instruments for its measurement remain absent from the literature. This study reports the development and psychometric validation of the Ethical AI Dilemma Anxiety Scale (EAIDAS), a novel instrument designed to measure anxiety arising from ethical uncertainties surrounding AI use in academic contexts. Following expert content validation using Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio, the 24-item scale was administered to two independent samples of Egyptian university students (

Indexed as

academic integrityartificial intelligenceethical anxietyhigher educationpsychometric validation

Identifiers

PMID42027266
PMCPMC13099756

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.