Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42027100›Full record

ArticleInfection control and hospital epidemiology2026

Racial disparities in healthcare-associated infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Reinaldo Perez, Sonali D Advani, Rebecca North, Alison G C Smith, Ibukunoluwa C Kalu, Steph Hendren, Sarah Peskoe, Carl Pieper, Helen Zhang, Melissa Campbell and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Reinaldo Perezhttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-8480
Sonali D Advanihttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5162-6482
Rebecca Northhttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2877-3801
Alison G C Smithhttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.
Ibukunoluwa C Kaluhttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.
Steph Hendrenhttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6258-4046
Sarah Peskoehttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.
Carl Pieperhttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.
Helen Zhanghttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-1832
Melissa Campbellhttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.
Sophie Nickhttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.
Michael Yarringtonhttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3186-1519
Erin Gettlerhttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1071-9898
Jay Krishnanhttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6791-4671
Nwora Lance Okekehttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.
Janine YoungUniversity of California San Diego, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7485-1577
Deverick J Andersonhttps://ror.org/00py81415Duke University, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6882-5496

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveRacial and ethnic disparities in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) could have significant implications for hospital-based incentive programs. We sought to quantify racial and ethnic disparities in HAIs across inpatients in the United States.

designSystematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

methodsMedline, Embase, and Scopus were searched 2008-2022 for English language studies describing reportable HAIs among inpatients and references to race or ethnicity. Studies were excluded if they used an aggregate outcome of "infection," described a non-acute care setting, or measured a respiratory virus. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model on pooled continuous outcomes with 3 or more studies.

results39 studies met criteria for inclusion; 23 evaluated surgical site infections (SSI), 6 evaluated hospital-onset

conclusionsRacial and ethnic disparities were observed in rates of HAIs, specifically for CLABSI and HO-CDI. However, conclusions are limited by the substantial heterogeneity present. Further research characterizing social determinants of health driving these disparities is needed.

Identifiers

PMID42027100
PMCPMC13216807

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.