ArticleHIV medicine2026
Prognostic value of ankle-brachial index and cardio-ankle vascular index for mortality and cardiovascular events in older people with HIV on long-term ART.
Article in HIV medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00411983 (A Long-term Follow-up Study for HIV-infected Individuals Who Have Participated in HIV-NAT Study Protocols), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Long-term Follow-up Study for HIV-infected Individuals Who Have Participated in HIV-NAT Study Protocols
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the association of the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) with all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in older people with HIV receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Thailand.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 307 virologically suppressed participants aged ≥50 years who underwent baseline CAVI and ABI measurements. ABI was analysed both as a continuous variable and as a categorical variable using a cut-off <0.9. Outcomes were all-cause mortality and MACE (non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke or percutaneous coronary intervention). Associations between high CAVI (≥9) or continuous CAVI and outcomes were examined using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, smoking, hypertension and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
resultsAt baseline, 18.2% of participants had high CAVI (≥9). Over a median follow-up of 8 years, 50 participants (16.3%) experienced the composite outcome, including 37 deaths (12.1%). After adjustment, categorical CAVI ≥ 9 was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (aHR 2.67, 95% CI: 1.37-5.21, p = 0.004) but did not reach statistical significance for the composite outcome (aHR 1.64, 95% CI: 0.89-3.01, p = 0.112). However, when modelled as a continuous variable, each unit increase in CAVI was associated with an increased risk of composite outcome (aHR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.08-1.54, p = 0.004). Ever smoking, hypertension and elevated IL-6 were significantly associated with increased risk of mortality and MACE. ABI < 0.9 was strongly associated with mortality (aHR 4.20, 95% CI: 1.43-12.27).
conclusionsIn older people with HIV on long-term ART, traditional cardiovascular risk, systemic inflammation (IL-6) and low ABI (<0.9) were stronger predictors of mortality and MACE. CAVI demonstrated prognostic value for mortality and the composite outcome, suggesting a potential complementary role in cardiovascular risk assessment. CLINICAL
trial registrationHIVNAT 006 (NCT00411983).
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