ArticlePest management science2026
HvarAKR1B1-mediated tolerance in Hippodamia variegata: Deciphering the metabolic adaptation and fitness costs under prolonged starvation.
Article in Pest management science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHippodamia variegata is an important natural enemy of pests in cotton fields in Xinjiang, China. In natural settings, this species frequently encounters food scarcity due to environmental fluctuations, seasonal shifts, and the uneven distribution of prey. However, studies on the physiological and molecular responses of Hippodamia variegata to starvation stress remain scarce.
resultsThis study found that starvation stress shortened developmental duration, reduced survival rate, and decreased fecundity of Hippodamia variegata. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identified 337 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 764 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) in response to starvation. Integrated omics analysis indicated the significant enrichment of energy metabolism pathways related to carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on RNA-sequencing data suggested the potential involvement of gene721 (HavrAKR1B1) in the starvation response. The full-length open reading frame (ORF) of HavrAKR1B1 spanned 948 bp and encoded a protein of 315 amino acids. The expression level of HavrAKR1B1 remained low from the egg to the third instar larvae, increased from the fourth instar to the pupal stage. RNA interference (RNAi) showed that silencing HvarAKR1B1 significantly shortened developmental duration and survival rate, and led to a substantial decline in starvation tolerance.
conclusionThese findings indicate that although starvation stress adversely affects the development of Hippodamia variegata, it can prompt a self-protection response by up-regulating glucose metabolism-related gene HavrAKR1B1. This study enhanced our understanding of the ecological adaptability of Hippodamia variegata and offered a novel theoretical basis for improving biological control strategies. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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