Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42026062›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Fault-mediated magma propagation and triggered seismicity revealed by the 2022 São Jorge Azores unrest.

Stephen P Hicks, Pablo J Gonzalez, Anthony Lomax, Ana M G Ferreira, Ricardo S Ramalho, Neil C Mitchell, Graça Silveira, Nuno Afonso Dias, João Fontiela, Rui Fernandes and 12 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Stephen P Hicks *Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom. stephen.hicks@ucl.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7476-3284
Pablo J Gonzalez *Estación Volcanológica de Canarias, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Spain.
Anthony LomaxALomax Scientific, Mouans Sartoux, France.
Ana M G FerreiraDepartment of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-6415
Ricardo S RamalhoSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2338-5535
Neil C MitchellDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-2450
Graça SilveiraInstituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2110-2554
Nuno Afonso DiasInstituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
João FontielaInstitute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8884-538X
Rui FernandesInstituto Dom Luiz, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
Susana CustódioInstituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-4179
Maria TsekhmistrenkoDepartment of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Virgilio MendesInstituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Adriano PimentelInstituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos (IVAR), Universidade dos Açores, Azores, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6954-387X
Rita SilvaInstituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos (IVAR), Universidade dos Açores, Azores, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5538-162X
Gonçalo PratesInstituto Superior de Engenharia, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5797-9158
William SturgeonDepartment of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Augustin MarignierDepartment of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Fernando CarrilhoDivisão de Geofísica, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisbon, Portugal.
Rui MarquesInstituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos (IVAR), Universidade dos Açores, Azores, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3633-7110
Miguel MirandaInstituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Arturo M GarciaInstituto de Investigação em Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos (IVAR), Universidade dos Açores, Azores, Portugal.

Funding

EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council) 101001601RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/B000184/1RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/X006298/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding failed volcanic eruptions is key to mapping magma plumbing and forecasting hazards. Faults and fractures guide magma, but their mechanisms remain unclear due to the lack of precise earthquake locations and limited 3-D fault mapping in volcanic regions. The triple-junction setting of the Azores Archipelago, where volcanic systems and seismogenic faults coexist, offers a natural laboratory to study fault-magma interactions. We analysed ~18,000 earthquakes relocated to high precision using onshore and ocean-bottom seismometers, combined with geodetic data and seismic autocorrelation imaging, during a failed 2022 eruption on São Jorge Island. A magmatic dike ascended rapidly and mostly aseismically from the upper mantle, intruding a crustal fault before stalling ~1,600 m below the surface. Seismicity indicates that magma branching and lateral fluid escape along the fault triggered an intense, months-long swarm with rotated focal mechanisms. This study demonstrates the dual role of faults in facilitating and arresting magma ascent.

Identifiers

PMID42026062
PMCPMC13106810

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.