ArticleMicrosystems & nanoengineering2026
Programmable viscoelastic hydrogels exhibit antimicrobial and regenerative properties to promote cell migration, wound healing, and tissue remodeling.
Article in Microsystems & nanoengineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanical, Redox, and Bioelectrical Coupling in Hydrogels for Cutaneous Regeneration: Network Design and Structure-Property Relationships.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Emerging Nano Bioinks in Bioprinting: Functional Materials, Engineering Strategies, and Biomedical Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The growing challenges of conventional ECM bio-inks for 3D cell culture underscore the development of novel hydrogels that fully recapitulate specialized in vivo cell microenvironments. We developed HA-gel-dex hydrogels by double-crosslinking ECM components (hyaluronic acid and gelatin) with synthetic dextran. Engineered with irreversible amide bonds and dynamic imine crosslinks, the HA-gel-dex enables viscoelastic property modifications to replicate native ECM characteristics, with the highest yield ratio reaching ~1000%. This programmability derive from tunable crosslinking architectures and network dynamics, where controlled HA-gel to dex-CHO ratios and peptide functionalization yield optimized hydrogel viscoelasticity and predictable bioprinting performance. Functionalization with selective cell-ligation groups (RGD, collagen, and laminin peptides) strengthened cell-matrix interaction, promoting increased cell proliferation, differentiation, and micro-organo-sphere formation. Moreover, rheological analyses revealed significantly enhanced stress-relaxing and self-healing hydrogel properties; while showing cytocompatibility, increased cell viability, bioprinting capacity, significant biofilm inhibition properties, and synergism with antimicrobials. Further assays on BALB/c mice showed remarkably improved wound healing, hair follicle regeneration, and nature ECM production abilities, the performance of which are further augmented with the presence and encapsulation of therapeutic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The study shows their future promise as wound dressings and potentially antibiotic treatment scaffolds for infection-associated wounds. Above all, HA-gel-dex hydrogels provide an improved ECM-like, reproducible, and cost-effective alternative to traditional ECM bio-inks for 3D cell culture, 3D bioprinting, and tissue repair studies - advancing synthetic ECM alternatives for translational applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.