Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42023346›Full record

ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2026

Can depression, anxiety and stress predict smoking? An analysis of mental health correlates university young adults in Saudi Arabia.

Mohammad Shah, Khalid Aboalshamat, Hatim M Badri, Wahaj Khan, Osama A Banah, Mohamed O Elamin, Baraa S Quronfulah

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Comment on: Can depression, anxiety, and stress predict smoking?Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mohammad ShahDepartment of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Khalid AboalshamatPreventative Dentistry Department, Dental Public Health Division, College of Dental Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Hatim M BadriDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Wahaj KhanDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Osama A BanahDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed O ElaminDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Baraa S QuronfulahDepartment of Health Promotion and Education, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Smoking remains prevalent among young university students in Saudi Arabia, with psychological factors potentially influencing tobacco use. Method: This cross-sectional study surveyed 655 university students aged 18-26 years using validated depression, anxiety and stress scale. Logistic regression assessed the association between mental health and smoking status. Results: Anxiety has significantly predicted smoking (OR: 1.16), while stress was inversely associated (OR: 0.94). Depression showed no significant association. Male gender and unemployment were additional predictors of smoking. Conclusion: Anxiety plays a key role in smoking among university students. Interventions should prioritize anxiety management in order to control smoking prevalence in this population.

Indexed as

Anxietydepressionsmokingstressuniversity students

Identifiers

PMID42023346
PMCPMC13098915

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.