ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Cytokine-driven modulation of peripheral immune cell populations in Coronavirus disease 2019 patients.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a spectrum of immune dysfunction, from mild illness to life-threatening hyper-inflammation. However, the specific relationships between individual cytokine expression profiles and peripheral immune cell distributions remain poorly defined, particularly in African populations. Methods: In this study, we investigated associations between tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) expression and circulating leucocyte subsets in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Complete blood counts, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and lymphocyte subset profiles were measured, and cytokine concentrations were quantified by cytometric bead array. Results: Compared with controls, COVID-19 patients exhibited marked CD4 Conclusions: These findings reveal distinct cytokine-associated immunotypes marked by cell-specific shifts suggestive of emergency granulopoiesis and myelopoiesis. Our data provide an immunophenotypic framework for understanding COVID-19 pathogenesis and may inform targeted diagnostics and immunomodulatory strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.