ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Normal tissue complication probability modeling of severe radiation-induced lymphopenia using blood dose for lung cancer patients treated with IMRT and IMPT.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Severe radiation-induced lymphopenia (SRIL) is a poor prognostic factor in lung cancer. This study aimed to develop and validate normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for SRIL based on hematologic dose in patients receiving photon and proton radiotherapy. Methods and materials: We retrospectively analyzed 131 lung cancer patients receiving curative-intent radiotherapy (94 with IMRT, 37 with IMPT) between 2022 and 2025. Whole-body blood dose-volume histograms were calculated by using the HEDOS framework. The Lyman-Kutcher-Burman NTCP model was adopted, with parameters optimized by maximum likelihood estimation. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Brier score. Results: The incidence of SRIL was 61.7% and 32.4% in the IMRT and IMPT cohorts, respectively. Blood generalized equivalent uniform dose was an independent predictor of SRIL in the IMRT cohort (OR = 4.682, p=0.002). The NTCP model demonstrated strong predictive power in both cohorts (IMRT: AUC = 0.82; IMPT: AUC = 0.80) Model parameters differed between modalities, particularly the volume-effect parameter (a = 19.85 for IMRT Conclusion: Modality-specific NTCP models are required to accurately predict SRIL in lung cancer radiotherapy. The IMRT- and IMPT-based models developed in this study demonstrated strong performance in their respective cohorts. Differences in model parameters underscore the influence of modality-dependent blood dose distributions, supporting the development of separate risk models for photon and proton therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.