ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Predicting radiological regression in benign breast hyperplasia: the prolactin-to-estradiol ratio as a prognostic biomarker.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: While benign mammary hyperplasia frequently undergoes spontaneous regression, clinicians currently lack validated serological biomarkers for personalized surveillance strategies. Objective: To evaluate whether the serum prolactin-to-estradiol ratio [PER; prolactin (ng/mL) ÷ estradiol (pg/mL)] can predict radiological regression in benign hyperplasia. Methods: This retrospective cohort study (January 2020-December 2024) enrolled women (18-55 years) with biopsy-confirmed ductal or lobular hyperplasia. Baseline fasting prolactin and estradiol were measured using duplicate electrochemiluminescence immunoassays (WHO-traceable) from routine clinical samples. Follow-up biopsies were performed only when imaging triggers were met. Multivariable logistic regression and interval-censored Cox models assessed associations with demographic, reproductive, and lesion covariates. Performance was evaluated using C-statistics, calibration, ROC analysis, and decision curves. Results: Among 1,645 participants completing follow-up (94.7%), 790 (45.5%) demonstrated radiological regression. Patients with regression had significantly lower mean PER compared to non-regressors (0.161 ± 0.086 vs. 0.232 ± 0.136; Conclusion: Low PER independently and reliably predicts spontaneous regression of benign breast hyperplasia. External validation studies and point-of-care assay development are needed before clinical implementation.
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