Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42022986›Full record

ArticleNature electronics2025

A soft magnetoelastic sensor to decode levels of fatigue.

Jing Xu, Chrystal Duan, Xiao Wan, Ziyuan Che, Xun Zhao, Yihao Zhou, Yang Song, Junyi Yin, Trinny Tat, Song Li and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature electronics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Advances in Wearable Bioimaging.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Review
  12. Liquid Metals for Reconfigurable Bioelectronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Organoid Brain-Machine-Interface Devices for Central Nervous System Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jing XuDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3157-6902
Chrystal DuanDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Xiao WanDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Ziyuan CheDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Xun ZhaoDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5543-0081
Yihao ZhouDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Yang SongDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Junyi YinDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Trinny TatDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9068-8325
Song LiDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4760-8828
Jun ChenDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3439-0495

Funding

The Effect of Nanoparticle Encapsulated Resveratrol on Treatment of PeriodontitisKL2TR001882 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Elizabeta Nemeth · 2016 to 2026
$13.1M
Magnetoelastic Vascular GraftsR01HL175135 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Jun Chen · 2025 to 2026
$1.1M
A soft magnetoelastic microneedle patch for rapid skin cancer screeningR01CA287326 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Jun Chen · 2024 to 2026
$1.1M
American Heart Association-American Stroke Association 23IPA1054908American Heart Association-American Stroke Association 23SCEFIA1157587American Heart Association-American Stroke Association 23TPA1141360NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR001882NCI NIH HHS R01 CA287326NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL175135
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fatigue is a complex condition characterized by a decline in a person's mental or physical performance. Methods to gauge fatigue include self-reported questionnaires, electroencephalography and camera-based technologies. However, these methods are typically restricted to laboratory settings, which limits their wider accessibility. Here we report a soft on-eyelid magnetoelastic sensor that can capture eye-blink parameters in real time and quantitatively decode fatigue levels. The sensor, which works in a self-powered manner, comprises a magnetomechanical coupling layer formed from a silicone rubber matrix embedded with micromagnets and a conductive gold coil patterned onto a thin thermoplastic elastomer layer. This design allows the conversion of eye movements into high-fidelity electrical signals. The sensor exhibits a Young's modulus of 200 kPa, a stretchability of up to 530% and a pressure sensitivity of 0.2 μA kPa

Identifiers

PMID42022986
PMCPMC13099000

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.