ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Current status of vaccine clinical trials registered on China's Drug Trial Registration and information disclosure platform, 2013-2024.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Vaccines are critical tools in global infectious disease prevention, especially amid emerging threats such as COVID-19 and HPV-related cancers. In China, vaccine development has gained momentum due to increasing public health demands and supportive regulatory reforms. However, comprehensive analyses of the broader landscape of vaccine clinical trials remain limited. This study aims to provide a systematic overview of vaccine clinical trials registered in China from 2013 to 2024, examining trends in trial design, phase distribution, vaccine types, and geographic distribution. Methods: We retrieved data from the Drug Trial Registration and Information Publication Platform using keywords including "vaccine," "BCG," and "toxoid." After deduplication and exclusion of non-vaccine entries, 620 eligible vaccine clinical trials were included. Data on trial design, phase, recruitment status, participant demographics, vaccine type, and institutional affiliations. The data were extracted and statistically analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2021, IBM SPSS Statistics version 21andArcGIS 10.8.1, respectively. Results: Among the 620 trials, the majority were parallel-group (84.84%), randomized (81.94%), and double-blind (67.58%). Phase I and III trials accounted for the largest proportions (30.27% and 35.75%, respectively). Influenza (17.1%), HPV (13.4%), and pneumococcal (9.8%) vaccines were the most frequently studied. Most trials were led by CDCs (92.3%) and conducted in eastern provinces, with Jiangsu, Henan, and Guangxi accounting for over half of all trials. The number of registered trials increased steadily from 2013 to 2019, peaking in 2021 and 2023. Conclusions: China has seen consistent growth in vaccine clinical trial activity, supported by regulatory enhancements and public health priorities. While trial volume and geographic spread have expanded, opportunities remain to increase multi-center collaboration, insurance coverage, and diversity in trial phases and vaccine types. These findings provide a foundation for evidence-based policy-making and strategic planning in China's vaccine development landscape.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.