Settings matter: Examining the association between social class discrimination in and out-of-school, tobacco use, and nicotine vaping among adolescents.

Zena R Mello, Christine R Starr, Vani Kakar, Adam Suri, Manuel Abundis-Morales, Busra Dogru

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Youth & society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zena R MelloDepartment of Psychology, College of Science & Engineering, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8218-9801

Christine R StarrDepartment of Educational Psychology, School of Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.ORCID 0000-0002-8662-0387

Vani KakarDepartment of Psychology, College of Science & Engineering, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2056-014X

Adam SuriDepartment of Psychology, College of Science & Engineering, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-3460-2892

Manuel Abundis-MoralesDepartment of Psychology, College of Science & Engineering, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-4222-9209

Busra DogruDepartment of Psychology, College of Science & Engineering, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-9141-0815

Funding

Substance Use and Perceived Discrimination Based on Socioeconomic Status Among AdolescentsR16DA061947 · NIDA · SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Zena R. Mello · 2024 to 2026

$465k

NIDA NIH HHS R16 DA061947

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite widespread research on tobacco use and social class, there have been limited studies examining how social class discrimination relates to tobacco use. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 956 adolescents. Participants were disadvantaged in social class. Tobacco use included lifetime and past month use of combustible tobacco and nicotine vaping. Social class discrimination included multiple sources, such as teachers, classmates, teenagers, friends, and community members. Latent profile analyses revealed four subgroups of adolescents with experiences of social class discrimination: Frequent, Infrequent, Out-of-School, and In-School. Adolescents in the Frequent and Out-of-School subgroups used the most tobacco products, whereas adolescents in the In-School and Infrequent subgroups used the least tobacco products. Race/ethnicity and gender were associated with subgroup membership. Findings highlight the need for social class discrimination interventions.

Indexed as

adolescentssocial classsocial class discriminationtobaccovaping

Identifiers

PMID42022576

DOI10.1177/0044118x251406595

PMCPMC13099162

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.