ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Testing the effects of presentation modality and presence of similarity percentages in the automatic image recognition system in Italy.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Automatic Face Recognition Systems (AFRS) are commonly used by police operators to compare the image of an unknown subject (target face) with those already recorded in specific databases. In operational forensic workflows, AFRS support identification by generating a lineup through a one-to-many (1: N) search, comparing a probe image against a large biometric gallery in which candidates are ranked by similarity scores. The purpose of the present study was to determine how different interface configurations, specifically image presentation modality and the inclusion of similarity percentages, impact human decision-making and identification accuracy. No study has investigated the impact of different layouts on the accuracy of detecting the correct potential candidate. Here, we tested the effects of presentation modality and the presence/absence of similarity percentages on the recognition performance of untrained participants in an AFRS. Participants studied a target face for 5 s and were then asked to recognize it from a list of 50 faces, which may or may not have included the target. The faces were presented in one of three formats: simultaneously (8 images per slide), semi-sequentially (4 images per slide), or sequentially (1 image per slide) and participants were always given the opportunity to compare the selected image with the target face (direct comparison). Each image was either shown with or without a system-generated similarity percentage. When similarity percentages were shown, participants were instructed either to use or ignore them. Results showed that, for target-absent lists, false alarms were fewer with the simultaneous layout than with the semi-sequential or sequential ones. Direct comparisons were also significantly lower with the simultaneous condition, and, in this condition, participants who made more direct comparisons were more prone to false alarms in identifying targets in target-present lists. The research identifies which model best mitigates cognitive biases and improve decision-making accuracy. The results provide a new evidence-based standard for AFRS interface design, offering specific recommendations for law enforcement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.