SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2026
Associations of three immune inflammatory markers with the risk of brain metastasis from lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Baseline Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Two-Year Incident Distant Metastasis in Stage I-III Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study sought to comprehensively evaluate the associations between three immune-inflammatory markers, namely neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and the risk of brain metastasis from lung cancer (BMLC). Through a meta-analysis, this study was expected to offer evidence-based support for early clinical identification of high-risk patients. Methods: Databases including PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were comprehensively searched. Relevant articles published up to November 2025 were retrieved. Cohort studies investigating the associations between the above markers and BMLC were included. Two researchers independently screened the articles, extracted data, and assessed study quality. Stata 15.0 was utilized to perform the meta-analysis. A random-effects or fixed-effects model was applied to pool the effect sizes. Subgroup analyses, meta-regression, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias assessment were conducted. Results: Fourteen retrospective cohort studies were included, involving 3,643 participants with lung cancer. Pooled multivariate analyses revealed that elevated NLR served as an independent risk factor for BMLC (odds ratio [OR]=1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27-2.05, P Conclusion: Existing evidence indicates that high NLR before treatment is an independent risk factor for BMLC, with a stronger association in patients with SCLC. The association between low LMR and the risk of BM is context-specific, primarily observed in patients with NSCLC and SBM. These findings provide evidence-based support for stratifying the risk of BM with routine inflammatory markers, warranting further validation in prospective studies. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/myprospero, identifier CRD420251170550.
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