ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the uterus: a Case Report with cytologic findings from uterine cavity drainage and literature review.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the uterus co-expressing CD5 are exceedingly rare and diagnostically challenging due to its nonspecific clinical and radiological features, which often mimic other uterine malignancies. This study retrospectively analyzes the cytopathological and histopathological characteristics of this entity in uterine cavity drainage fluid to facilitate its recognition. Methods: We analyzed a case of uterine CD5-positive DLBCL by collecting clinical data, imaging findings, cytology from uterine drainage fluid, and histology from endometrial curettage. A review of the pertinent literature on uterine DLBCL was also performed. Results: A 74-year-old woman presented with a two-week history of abdominal distension and anorexia. Abdominal CT demonstrated uterine enlargement with a large fluid collection and multiple enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. Cytology of the uterine drainage fluid revealed numerous atypical lymphoid cells with large, hyperchromatic nuclei, scant basophilic cytoplasm, and a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. Histology of the curettage specimens showed a diffuse infiltrate of large lymphocytes with necrosis. The tumor cells exhibited round, oval, or irregular nuclei, coarse chromatin, and prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemically, the cells were positive for CD20, CD79α, CD19, PAX5, CD5, Bcl-6, and MUM1, and negative for CD3, CD10, Bcl-2, CD30 and Cyclin D1. Conclusion: Uterus DLBCL expressing CD5 is an exceedingly rare malignancy. Its diagnosis necessitates a comprehensive approach integrating clinical presentation, imaging, cytomorphology, and immunohistochemistry. Increased awareness of the cytological features of lymphoma in uterine drainage fluid is essential to prevent diagnostic oversight.
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