ReviewBJUI compass2026
Addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to intravesical BCG for high-risk BCG-naïve non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in BJUI compass, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy, safety and change in quality of life associated with ICI-BCG (I + M) compared to BCG (I + M) in patients with BCG-naïve HR-NMIBC. Material and Methods: A systematic search was run on PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL from inception to 29 October 2025. Phase 3 randomized controlled trials comparing safety, efficacy and quality of life (QOL) for patients with BCG-naïve HR-NMIBC receiving ICI-BCG (I + M) versus BCG (I + M): hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for HG-RFS (high-grade recurrence free survival), odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (G3 + TRAEs), and mean difference (MD) and 95% CI for changes in quality of life (QOL measured using EORTC QLQ C30). A priori defined subgroups included presence of CIS, presence of papillary tumours, age <65 or ≥65 years, male/female, and BCG strain. Results: Pooled results indicated that ICI-BCG (I + M) was not associated with a reduction in HG-RFS (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.59-1.02). However, on sensitivity analysis excluding ALBAN (for differences in trial design and patients included), ICI-BCG (I + M) was associated with a reduction in HG-RFS (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.54-0.85) with an absolute risk reduction of 4.4-7.3% in 36-month HG-RFS. ICI-BCG (I + M) was associated with an increased risk of G3 + TRAEs (OR: 4.76; 95% CI: 3.01-7.53). ICI-BCG (I + M) was associated with a non-clinically significant decline in QOL (MD: -3.25; 95% CI: -5.11 to -1.39). Heterogeneity between trials was minimal ( Conclusion: This pooled analysis provides data for patient-specific counselling on the use of ICI-BCG (I + M) for BCG-naive HR-NMIBC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.