ReviewSaudi journal of anaesthesia
Anesthetic considerations in smokers: A scoping review.
Review in Saudi journal of anaesthesia. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a well-established modifiable risk factor that significantly influences perioperative outcomes through complex physiological and pharmacological mechanisms. Despite widespread awareness of its long-term health consequences, a considerable proportion of surgical patients continue to smoke at the time of their procedures. The objective of this review is to synthesize current evidence regarding the impact of smoking on anesthetic management. Smoking induces chronic inflammation and structural changes in the respiratory tract, which may increase the risk of intraoperative hypoxemia, bronchospasm, and postoperative pulmonary complications. Cardiovascular risks are similarly elevated due to smoking-related endothelial dysfunction, increased sympathetic activity, and impaired myocardial oxygen balance. Moreover, nicotine and other components of tobacco smoke alter drug metabolism, particularly via hepatic enzyme induction, affecting the pharmacokinetics of commonly used anesthetics and analgesics. Smokers also exhibit altered pain perception and increased opioid requirements postoperatively, complicating analgesic strategies. In conclusion, an in-depth understanding of the multifaceted effects of smoking on anesthetic care is essential for optimizing outcomes and reducing perioperative morbidity in this high-risk group.
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