ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2026
Introducing the Mother Infant Lactation Questionnaire (MILQ): A Patient-reported Outcome Measure.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Outcomes data regarding breastfeeding ability following benign breast surgery are limited. We present the Mother Infant Lactation Questionnaire (MILQ, pronounced "milk"), a patient-reported outcome measure to assess breastfeeding satisfaction, challenges, and deficit areas. Methods: Women aged 18-45 years and 6 months to 5 years postpartum completed the MILQ from 2019 to 2023. Associations between categorical variables (demographics, feeding method, breastfeeding duration, physical symptoms, psychological conditions) were examined using Pearson χ Results: A total of 323 mothers participated, with a mean age of 34.8 ±5.5 years; 15.7% had undergone prior breast surgery. Mothers who breastfed/pumped for 6 months or less were 1240% more likely to not meet breastfeeding goals (OR: 13.4; 95% CI: 7.23-25.0; Conclusions: The MILQ enables comprehensive assessment of breastfeeding/lactation performance. Although longer breastfeeding duration predicted satisfaction with infant nourishment and meeting goals, further study can elucidate deficit areas for a targeted approach to education and intervention to support mothers.
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