Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42021932›Full record

ArticlemicroPublication biology2026

Directionality bias in T/A cloning.

Valeria Dountcheva, Athanasios Bubulya, Labib Rouhana

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in microPublication biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Valeria DountchevaDepartment of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
Athanasios BubulyaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
Labib RouhanaDepartment of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

Discovery of germline genes and regulatory networks in planariansR15HD082754 · NICHD · WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ROUHANA, LABIB · 2014 to 2024
$1.3M
NICHD NIH HHS R15 HD082754
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

T/A cloning is a popular method for generating recombinant DNA plasmids. This method relies on single A:T nucleotide base pairs between PCR product ends and vector. Theoretically, the directionality of insert ligation with relation to the vector is random. However, we have continuously observed directionality bias using the pGEM-T Vector System for T/A cloning in a Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE). Cloning of over 400 inserts has shown directional bias higher than 74% (

Identifiers

PMID42021932
PMCPMC13097059

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.