Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42021833›Full record

ArticleThe Review of economic studies2026

The Economics and Econometrics of Gene-Environment Interplay.

Pietro Biroli, Titus Galama, Stephanie von Hinke, Hans van Kippersluis, Cornelius A Rietveld, Kevin Thom

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Review of economic studies, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. The genetic lottery goes to school: Better schools compensate for the effects of students' genetic differences.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Genetics and Socioeconomic Status: Some Preliminary Evidence on Mechanisms.Journal of political economy microeconomics · 2025
    Article
  8. Advantageous early-life environments cushion the genetic risk for ischemic heart disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  9. Statistical methods for gene-environment interaction analysis.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Computational statistics
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Pietro BiroliUniversity of Bologna, Italy.
Titus GalamaUniversity of Southern California, USA; VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Stephanie von HinkeUniversity of Bristol, UK; Institute for Fiscal Studies, UK.
Hans van KippersluisErasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Cornelius A RietveldErasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Kevin ThomUniversity of Wisconsin, USA.

Funding

Enhancing engagement and participation of marginalized community residents in the UASU01AG077280 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Arie Kapteyn · 2023 to 2026
$50.9M
Toward Next Generation Data on Health and Life Changes at Older Ages: Administrative Supplement to track the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on American familiesU01AG054580 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI KAPTEYN, ARIE · 2017 to 2022
$27.3M
Genotyping the Understanding America Study to generate novel opportunities for research on cognitive functioning and dementiaR01AG079554 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI FAUL, JESSICA, GALAMA, TITUS JOHANNES · 2023 to 2025
$7.6M
Identifying modifiable aspects of gene-by-environment interplay in later-life cognitive declineRF1AG055654 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI FAUL, JESSICA, GALAMA, TITUS JOHANNES · 2017 to 2018
$4.3M
Genetic Differences in the Causal Effect of Education Quantity and Quality on Cognitive Functioning and Dementia Diagnosis Later in LifeR01AG078522 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Silvia Helena Barcellos · 2022 to 2026
$3.9M
Identifying gene-by-environment interplay in health behaviorR56AG058726 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GALAMA, TITUS JOHANNES · 2020 to 2020
$842k
Human capital, health and longevity: explaining the health gradientK02AG042452 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GALAMA, TITUS JOHANNES · 2012 to 2016
$776k
NIA NIH HHS K02 AG042452NIA NIH HHS R01 AG078522NIA NIH HHS R01 AG079554NIA NIH HHS R56 AG058726NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG055654NIA NIH HHS U01 AG054580NIA NIH HHS U01 AG077280Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We discuss how to estimate the interplay between genes (nature) and environments (nurture), with an empirical illustration of the moderating effect of school starting age on one's genetic predisposition towards educational attainment. We argue that gene-environment (

Indexed as

ALSPACD1D3Gene–environment interplayGenoeconomicsI1I2J1Polygenic indicesSchool entry policiesSocial science genetics

Identifiers

PMID42021833
PMCPMC13098532

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.