Observational studyInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2026
Comparison of Tools for Nutrition Assessment in Stable Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Which is the Best Mortality Predictor in Real Clinical Practice?
Observational study in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the prognostic value of different nutritional assessment tools in outpatient settings remains unclear. We aimed to identify which of five commonly used nutritional indicators best predicts all-cause mortality in stable COPD in real-world clinical practice. Patients and Methods: This secondary analysis of a prospective, hospital-based observational cohort included 141 outpatients with stable COPD. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI), percent ideal body weight (%IBW), geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score. Patients were categorized as malnourished or well-nourished according to established cut-off values, including PNI <45 as a widely used threshold for malnutrition. Associations with all-cause mortality over a median follow-up of 54 months were examined using Cox proportional hazards models. Multivariate analyses adjusted for age, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage, and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, and model fit was compared using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC). Results: During follow-up, 29 deaths (20.6%) occurred. The proportion classified as malnourished ranged from 7.8% (PNI <45) to 25.5% (CONUT ≥2). In multivariate analyses, only PNI <45 remained significantly associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 3.85; 95% confidence interval 1.33-11.13; p = 0.013) and provided the best AIC among the five tools. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated significantly poorer survival in the low PNI group (log-rank p < 0.001). Conclusion: Among five simple nutritional assessment tools, only PNI independently predicted long-term mortality in stable COPD. Given its simplicity, objectivity, and reliance on routinely available laboratory parameters, PNI appears to be a practical marker to support risk stratification and guide proactive management in outpatient COPD care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.