Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42021525›Full record

SynthesisComprehensive reviews in food science and food safety2026

AI-Enabled Imaging for Pathogen Detection Under Stress Conditions: A Systematic Review.

MeiLi Papa, Gillian Kuehnle, Yoo Jung Erika Oh, Jiyoon Yi

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

MeiLi PapaDepartment of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Gillian KuehnleDepartment of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Yoo Jung Erika OhDepartment of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Jiyoon YiDepartment of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4323-3125

Funding

Michigan State University Research FoundationMSU
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Advances in pathogen detection that incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) may capture microbial signals under challenging environmental conditions that traditional methods miss. This systematic review evaluates the application, performance, and methodological characteristics of AI-enabled imaging for pathogen detection, including its impact on speed, accuracy, and modeling under stress conditions. Studies were systematically identified from five electronic databases using search terms related to AI, pathogen, detection, and imaging. Inclusion criteria, defined using the Population, Intervention, Comparators, Outcome, Study design (PICOS) framework, focused on microscopy-based pathogen detection enhanced by AI. Data extraction followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and captured biological sample preparation, imaging modalities, AI-enabled data analyses, comparator methods, and performance metrics. Of 2736 citations retrieved, 120 were reviewed in full and 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. These represented more than 40 pathogens, most commonly Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Only three studies explicitly evaluated signals from stress or inactivated states. Comparator methods (e.g., culture-based or molecular assays) were infrequently reported, limiting benchmarking against established workflows. Reporting inconsistencies in laboratory protocols and computational pipeline further complicated reproducibility and precluded meta-analysis. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive overview of current AI-enabled imaging approaches from both biological and computational perspectives and highlights the need for standardized benchmarks and reporting practices to support reproducible, transferable pathogen detection.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceFood MicrobiologyStress, PhysiologicalEscherichia coli

Identifiers

PMID42021525
PMCPMC13103521

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.