Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42021471›Full record

ArticleMolecular oral microbiology2026

GcrR in Streptococcus mutans Inhibits the Morphological Transition of Candida albicans Through Ras1-cAMP/PKA Pathway in the Cross-Kingdom Biofilms.

Bin Zhang, Shihao Hou, Anqi Zhang, Jielin Yang, Wenjiao Zhang, Shijie Zhu, Hong Chen, Ruizhe Huang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular oral microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Bin ZhangKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Shihao HouKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Anqi ZhangKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Jielin YangKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Wenjiao ZhangKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Shijie ZhuKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Hong ChenDepartment of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Ruizhe HuangKey Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The dual-species biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans exhibit enhanced cariogenic potential due to the production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs). The response regulator GcrR in S. mutans negatively regulates EPS synthesis, but its impact on dual-species biofilms remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of GcrR on the cariogenicity of cross-kingdom biofilms established by S. mutans and C. albicans. The crystal violet (CV) staining was conducted to evaluate the dual-species biofilm formation. The anthrone-sulfuric acid assay was employed to assess EPS formation. The biofilm morphology was visualized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the structure was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The expression levels of genes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The animal assay was conducted to elucidate the anti-cariogenic effect of GcrR. The overexpression of GcrR suppressed dual-species biofilm formation, which was accompanied by a reduction in both water-soluble glucans (WSGs) and water-insoluble glucans (WIGs). The morphological transformation of C. albicans from yeast to hyphal form was inhibited by GcrR. Expression of gtfB/D and gbpB/C genes in S. mutans and Ras1-cAMP/PKA pathway genes in C. albicans was downregulated. Furthermore, we found that GcrR attenuated the virulence of dual-species biofilms. This study suggests that GcrR in S. mutans plays a critical role in modulating the cariogenic potential of bacterial-fungal biofilms.

Indexed as

Bacterial ProteinsBiofilmsCandida albicansStreptococcus mutansAnimalsCyclic AMPCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesGene Expression Regulation, BacterialMicroscopy, ConfocalMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningPolysaccharides, Bacterialras ProteinsSignal TransductionBacterial ProteinsCyclic AMPCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesPolysaccharides, Bacterialras ProteinsCandida albicanscross‐kingdom biofilmsdental cariesextracellular polysaccharidesStreptococcus mutans

Identifiers

PMID42021471
PMCPMC13325523

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.