Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42021294›Full record

ArticleOrphanet journal of rare diseases2026

A rapid HPLC method to simultaneously quantify therapeutic thiols and monitor their disulfide exchange reactions with cystine.

Azhidhack Hadjipour, Gayatri Gayatri, Patrice Rioux, Oisín N Kavanagh

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Azhidhack HadjipourSchool of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Gayatri GayatriSchool of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Patrice RiouxThiogenesis Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA.
Oisín N KavanaghSchool of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Oisin.Kavanagh@newcastle.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7369-4611

Funding

Action Medical Research/LifeArc GN3039Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council EP/Y014596/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study introduces a rapid and environmentally sustainable High Performance Liquid Chromatography method to simultaneously quantify free thiols and monitor their disulfide exchange kinetics with cystine. This method is based on the derivatisation of thiols with 5,5’-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB, also known as Ellman’s reagent). The method utilises a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% v/v Trifluoroacetic acid in water and methanol, with Ultraviolet detection at 248 nm. The method exhibited high sensitivity (Limit of Quantification 0.78 µM; Limit of Detection 0.39 µM) and selectivity for biologically relevant thiols (cysteamine, cysteine, tiopronin, glutathione, captopril and penicillamine) in an aqueous environment. Simultaneous quantification of these thiols was successfully achieved in phosphate-buffered saline as well as in biological samples such as human saliva and urine (from a vegetarian subject). Furthermore, it facilitated kinetic analysis of thiol-related reactions, with potential applications in both clinical and pharmacological research.

Indexed as

CystineDisulfidesSulfhydryl CompoundsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidCysteamineCysteineDithionitrobenzoic AcidGlutathioneHumansPenicillamineTioproninCysteamineCysteineCystineDisulfidesDithionitrobenzoic AcidGlutathionePenicillamineSulfhydryl CompoundsTioproninCysteamineCystinosisCystinuriaDisulfide exchangeRare diseaseTherapeutic thiols

Identifiers

PMID42021294
PMCPMC13277012

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.