ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2026
Application of protection motivation theory to promote physical ergonomic behaviors among industrial workers in Northwest Iran.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionWork-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a major public health concern, particularly affecting industrial workers who face high ergonomic risks. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in promoting ergonomic behaviors and reducing musculoskeletal discomfort among workers in Shahin Dej industrial township factories.
methodsThis study was a quasi-experimental before–after intervention, conducted with intervention and control groups in the industrial town of Shahin Dej. Out of 160 eligible workers, 83 participated in the study (response rate: 51.9%), with no attrition during the research. incomplete questionnaires were excluded from the final analysis using listwise deletion. As there was no attrition during the study, the overall completion rate was 100% among enrolled participants. In the first stage, the questionnaire was completed by the people of both groups, the pre-test results were analyzed, then the training program based on PMT constructs was designed and presented to the intervention group. Three months later, the questionnaires were completed by people from both groups. Finally, the data collected was analyzed using the statistical software SPSS version 23 and the statistical tests of the paired, independent T and the covariance analysis test.
resultsThe results showed that after the intervention, the mean scores of PMT constructs, ergonomic behaviors, and awareness significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Additionally, musculoskeletal pain and discomfort significantly decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.001). ANCOVA results confirmed that the educational intervention had a significant effect on improving all PMT constructs, ergonomic behaviors, and related awareness, independent of baseline scores (P < 0.001).
conclusionGiven the effectiveness of educational interventions based on Protection Motivation Theory in enhancing ergonomic behaviors among workers, it is recommended that this theoretical framework be incorporated into training programs aimed at promoting ergonomic practices in occupational settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.