Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42021236›Full record

Trial reportBMC oral health2026

The effect of dental floss sequence on plaque removal efficacy and periodontal health: a randomized controlled trial.

Junming Wen, Jiarui Lu, Shiwen Tang, Yanfei Liang, Jiqing Huang, Jingrong Xu, Xiuqun Wei, Yuqin Shen

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Junming WenDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Jiarui LuDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Shiwen TangDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Yanfei LiangDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Jiqing HuangDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Jingrong XuDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xiuqun WeiDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. weixiuqun1109@163.com.
Yuqin ShenDepartment of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. 2020686041@gzhmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Guangdong medical scientific research fund (No. B2024162), National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (No. 202510570030), and Guangdong Province Undergraduate Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Engineering Construction Project (No. 2024ZLGC10). No. B2024162, No. 202510570030, No. 2024ZLGC10
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundManual toothbrushing with interdental flossing is the gold-standard for plaque removal in preventive dentistry. This trial examines how flossing sequence (pre-, mid-, or post-brushing) impacts plaque removal efficacy and periodontal health.

methodsIn a single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT), 54 university students were randomized to three groups: pre-brushing flossing (A), post-brushing flossing (B), or mid-brushing flossing (C). Participants followed protocols for 21 days under supervision. Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI), bleeding index (BI) and probing depth (PD) were measured at baseline, day 7, and day 21. Analyses used ANOVA (α = 0.05).

resultsBased on the results at day 7, the RMNPI decreased most significantly in the mid-brushing flossing group (p = 0.0388). However, at day 21, no significant difference in plaque removal was observed among the three groups (p = 0.9330). Notably, mid-brushing flossing significantly reduced BI at both day 7 and day 21 (p = 0.0275, p = 0.0151). Additionally, no statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups in terms reducing PD (p = 0.7420, p = 0.4220).

conclusionsThese results suggested that mid-brushing flossing may be more effective in daily dental plaque removal and improving gingival bleeding.

trial registrationThe trial was retrospectively registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) with identifier no. ChiCTR2500108845, registered on 09/08/2025. ( https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=285669 ).

Indexed as

Dental Devices, Home CareDental PlaqueAdultDental Plaque IndexFemaleHumansMalePeriodontal IndexSingle-Blind MethodToothbrushingYoung AdultDental flossDental plaqueSingle-blind experimentToothbrush

Identifiers

PMID42021236
PMCPMC13270655

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.