Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42020895›Full record

ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2026

Athlete Hydration: Beyond Performance Toward Long-Term Health.

Rúben Francisco, Lawrence E Armstrong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Rúben FranciscoSport Physical Activity and Health Research Innovation and Technology Center (SPRINT), Santarém Polytechnic University, Av. Dr. Mário Soares n.º 110, 2040-413, Rio Maior, Portugal. rubenfrancisco@esdrm.ipsantarem.pt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-5268
Lawrence E ArmstrongKorey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9230-6925

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Research on fluid-electrolyte balance in athletes has largely emphasized acute hydration strategies to preserve performance, particularly under conditions of prolonged exercise and heat stress. While this focus has yielded valuable practical guidance, it has overshadowed the potential long-term health implications of habitual low water intake (LWI). Emerging evidence from non-athletic populations indicates that chronic LWI, often characterized by persistently elevated arginine vasopressin (AVP) and concentrated urine, may increase renal, endocrine, and metabolic strain, showing associations with insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, and chronic disease risk. Notably, evidence suggests that up to 40% of the non-athletic population fail to meet the fluid intake recommendations. Furthermore, a considerable proportion of athletes are habitually classified as low drinkers (i.e., ~ 58% consuming < 35 mL·kg

Indexed as

AthletesAthletic PerformanceDrinkingWater-Electrolyte BalanceArginine VasopressinDehydrationHumansOrganism Hydration StatusSports Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaArginine Vasopressin

Identifiers

PMID42020895
PMCPMC13499751

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.