ArticleJournal of gambling studies2026
Identifying Subtypes of Potentially Problematic Gambling.
Article in Journal of gambling studies, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study aimed to identify and characterize behavioral subtypes of potentially problematic gambling patterns using real-world data from a major Danish gambling provider. A two-stage clustering approach was applied to behavioral data from over 650,000 users. In the first stage, k-means clustering segmented the population based on standardized behavioral indicators. In the second stage, subtypes were identified within selected clusters using k-medoids clustering. The procedure was replicated in an independent dataset (N= 619,441) to assess structural stability. The analysis revealed clear behavioral heterogeneity across gambling profiles. Subtypes differed systematically in intensity, reloads, product focus, and risk-related patterns such as chasing and nighttime gambling. The overall cluster structure was consistent across datasets, supporting the robustness and generalizability of the identified subtypes. Gambling-related risk patterns does not follow a single behavioral pattern. The data-driven subtypes of potentially problematic gambling identified in this study highlight the heterogeneity of gambling-related risk and offer a foundation for more nuanced approaches to risk detection based on gambling patterns.
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