ArticlePediatric research2026
Endovascular profiles linked to neutrophil activation in children and young adults with long COVID.
Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Uncovering the hidden biology of fibrinaloid microclot complexes in complex, inflammatory diseases.QRB discovery · 2026Review
- A brief report: absence of elevated circulating NETosis markers in long-term long COVID.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEndovascular symptoms are among the most debilitating long COVID symptoms; however, underlying mechanisms are unclear. Children and young adults with long COVID, an understudied population, offer key insight into long COVID pathology.
methodsEighty-four children and young adults ≤25 years from the U.S. and Canada were enrolled; 61 with long COVID and 23 healthy pediatric controls. We assessed symptom burden, quantified fibrin amyloid microclots, endovascular cytokines, cell-free DNA, and conducted in vitro assays to assess Spike-related neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell injury.
resultsCardiovascular symptoms were prevalent among participants with long COVID. Microclot burden was increased (p = 0.0003), as were markers of angiogenesis and endothelial remodeling, including FGF-2, which correlated with microclots (p = 0.04). Cytokines involved in leukocyte trafficking (sVCAM-1, L-selectin, α-2-macroglobulin) were reduced while cell-free DNA, a marker of intravascular neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, was increased (p = 0.003) and positively correlated with microclot component serum amyloid A (p = 0.004). Co-culture assays revealed that NETosis, triggered by Spike immune complexes, contributes to endothelial injury in long COVID.
conclusionsChildren and young adults with long COVID with cardiovascular symptoms display increased microclots, endothelial injury, and neutrophil inflammation, which warrant further evaluation and suggest intravascular NETosis as a key driver of endovascular pathology in long COVID. IMPACT: Children and young adults with long COVID display elevated endothelial biomarkers, underscoring disease-related rather than age-related endovascular profiles following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Children and young adults with long COVID exhibit increased microclot burden in blood. Neutrophil activation may contribute to ongoing endovascular injury in long COVID. A combination of microclots, neutrophil markers, and endothelial cytokines could serve as biomarkers for Long COVID.
Identifiers
42020802What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.