Neurodevelopmental outcomes after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease in India: A narrative review.

Shikhar Bakhshi, Nabeel V Faisal, Maryam Y Naim, Saurabh Kumar Gupta

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Indian heart journal. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Shikhar BakhshiDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, USA.

Nabeel V FaisalDepartment of Cardiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Maryam Y NaimDivision of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Saurabh Kumar GuptaDepartment of Cardiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: drsaurabhmd@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neurodevelopmental outcomes among survivors post-surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) in India remain insufficiently characterized. Structured searches in PubMed and Google Scholar for studies on neurodevelopmental outcomes published between January 2000 and December 2025 identified six studies from India: five single-centre and one multicentric cohort. Across studies, early motor delay was reported in 14-33% of children and mental or cognitive delay in 15-24%. Risk factors included syndromic association, prolonged postoperative illness, and socioeconomic disadvantage. Long-term, longitudinal, and regionally representative data remain sparse. Integration of structured neurodevelopmental follow-up into CHD care is needed.

Indexed as

Cardiac Surgical ProceduresDevelopmental DisabilitiesHeart Defects, CongenitalNeurodevelopmental DisordersPostoperative ComplicationsHumansIndiaNeurodevelopmentRisk FactorsCardiac surgeryCongenital heart diseaseNeurodevelopmental outcomeSouth Asia

Identifiers

PMID42019821

DOI10.1016/j.ihj.2026.04.012

PMCPMC13522701

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.