ArticleJMIR research protocols2026
Establishment, Implementation, and Impacts of the Observatory on Student Mental Health in Higher Education in Quebec, Canada: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Research Program.
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Abstract
Background: Research is needed to better understand mental health (MH) problems among higher education (HE) students and how to address them. The Observatory on Student Mental Health in Higher Education (OSMHHE) brings together 350 members across Quebec (Canada) and internationally. Its mission is to develop, promote, and disseminate knowledge to foster a culture that supports student MH in HE. Objective: This study aims to describe the OSMHHE's research protocol, which consists of three objectives: (1) establishing a portrait of students' MH and its determinants, (2) identifying and evaluating a variety of MH practices, and (3) assessing the implementation and impacts of the OSMHHE as a knowledge mobilization infrastructure. Methods: Objective 1 will be achieved through a provincial survey using a cross-sectional, repeated-measures design with 2 data collections (November 2024 and 2026) targeting the entire Quebec HE student population. Dimensions, indicators, and scales were selected based on conceptual frameworks, a systematic literature review, and Delphi methods. Analyses will include descriptive statistics by education levels; inferential analyses comparing subpopulations; multiple regressions, logistic models, and linear mixed models to identify MH determinants; and repeated-measures ANOVA to examine temporal changes. Objective 2 will evaluate the implementation, sustainability, scale-up, and impacts of MH practices using mixed methods. Analyses may include descriptive and comparative statistics, correlations, structural equations modeling (path analysis), and qualitative content or thematic analyses. Objective 3 will draw on the framework of Ziam et al to assess knowledge mobilization strategies. A developmental evaluation approach and convergent mixed methods design within a case study will be used to assess the OSMHHE's implementation and impacts. Qualitative data will include semistructured individual and group interviews with OSMHHE members, addressing topics such as roles, decision-making processes, facilitators and barriers, and outcomes. Additional qualitative sources will include diverse documents (eg, meeting agendas, reports). Quantitative data will come from questionnaires completed by members examining levels of engagement and satisfaction, challenges and barriers, and impacts of the OSMHHE's activities and knowledge mobilization practices. Qualitative data will be analyzed using content analyses. Quantitative data will be examined using descriptive, comparative, and correlational analyses. Results: This project is funded from February 2023 to February 2028. The first provincial survey took place in November 2024, collecting data from 32,212 students in 77 HE institutions. Analyses are underway, and a first report was released in November 2025. Approximately 20 student MH practices are currently being evaluated. Conclusions: The OSMHHE provincial survey will provide portraits of students' MH in HE in Quebec and its determinants to better guide MH practices and institutional decision-making. Evaluating MH practices will advance knowledge of their effectiveness. Assessing the implementation of the OSMHHE will help deepen our understanding of knowledge mobilization infrastructures designed to support student MH in HE.
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