ArticleScience advances2026
The importance of layer-dependent molecular twisting for the structural anisotropy of interfacial water.
Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multipolar electric and magnetic contributions to sum-frequency generation spectra reveal biaxial interfacial water structure.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Anisotropic Water Structure at Charged Interfaces Studied by Depth-Resolved Vibrational SFG/DFG Spectroscopy.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Competing hydrogen-bond orders drive water's anomalous surface tension.Nature communications · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The unique structural properties of interfacial water are at the heart of many important processes in electrochemistry, climate science, and biophysics. At interfaces, water molecules exhibit preferential orientations and an altered intermolecular H-bond connectivity. Characterizing this layer-dependent anisotropic structure for such a thin molecular boundary, however, is a veritable challenge, with many important details remaining unknown. Here, we combine a novel depth-resolved second-order spectroscopy with molecular dynamics simulations to study the anisotropic structure at the air-water interface through the H─O─H bending vibration. We first uncover the elusive anisotropic interfacial response by removing the bulk-like (quadrupolar) term that is found to dominate the spectrum and has hampered previous experimental investigations of the interfacial structure. Thereafter, we reveal that the molecular structure at the interface shows a pronounced layering of alternating tilt-twist motifs. This highlights the often-disregarded anisotropy in the molecular twist angle and offers a revised picture of aqueous interfaces.
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Registered trials
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