ArticleJournal of fluorescence2026
Highly Selective Naphthalene-Based Oxa-Aza Schiff Base Chemosensor for Cadmium Recognition in the Presence of Zinc, Mercury, and other Ions.
Article in Journal of fluorescence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
In this study, a naphthalene-based oxa-aza open-chain fluorescent Schiff base chemosensor (L) was synthesized and characterized for the selective detection of Cd²⁺ ions. The structure of ligand L was confirmed using IR spectroscopy, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, DEPT-135 and mass spectrometry analyses. The photophysical properties and metal-ion sensing behavior of L were systematically investigated in an EtOH/H₂O (9:1, v/v) medium at pH 7.4. The fluorescence response of the ligand was examined in the presence of various metal ions, including Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Al³⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cr³⁺, As3⁺, As⁵⁺ and Bi³⁺. Ligand L exhibited a remarkable turn-on fluorescence enhancement upon coordination with Cd²⁺, confirming its high selectivity toward this ion. Fluorescence titration, Job’s plot, and Benesi-Hildebrand analyses validated a 1:1 binding stoichiometry for the [CdL]2+ complex, with an binding constant of 5 × 10⁵ M−¹. The calculated detection limit 1.9 × 10⁻7 M highlights the high sensitivity of L and its strong affinity for Cd²⁺ ions. The observed fluorescence enhancement is attributed to the suppression of the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) process upon metal binding, which activates the emission pathway of the fluorophore. Additionally, the presence of Cd²⁺ and Fe3⁺ ions fulfilled the criteria for an INHIBIT molecular logic gate, further demonstrating the chemosensor’s multifunctional sensing potential.
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