SynthesisJournal of neurology2026
Efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
introductionIn relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), conventional immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies are widely used. However, in many cases, optimal control of inflammatory activity and disease progression is not achieved, which has led to the use of biological drugs such as monoclonal antibodies that act specifically on key components of the immune system. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies compared to other drugs or placebo in adult patients with RRMS.
methodsA systematic review was performed based on randomized, double-blind, phase III controlled clinical trials published between 2012 and 2025 in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, assessing efficacy and safety in adult patients with RRMS. The review was carried out following the PICO methodology and PRISMA guidelines.
resultsA total of 11 studies were included, evaluating 5 monoclonal antibodies: alemtuzumab, daclizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and ublituximab. These therapies showed superior efficacy compared to conventional treatments in reducing the annual relapse rate, MRI inflammatory activity and MRI activity, particularly in patients with highly active disease. However, effects on disability progression were heterogeneous across trials and not consistently significant. In addition, decreases in biomarkers of axonal damage were observed. Nevertheless, relevant adverse effects were identified, including infections, autoimmune reactions, hepatic and cutaneous toxicity, whose incidence varies depending on the drug, requiring close clinical monitoring.
conclusionsMonoclonal antibodies are an effective option in RRMS, with clinical and radiological benefits superior to those of conventional treatments. Their use requires individualized assessment and close follow-up due to the risk of adverse effects, especially in high-risk patients.
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