ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2016
Safety and efficacy of guanidinoacetic acid for chickens for fattening, breeder hens and roosters, and pigs.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessment of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and a preparation of GAA (Creamino®) as feed additives for chickens for fattening and reared for breeding/laying, weaned piglets and pigs for fattening, for the renewal of their authorisation and its extension of use to suckling piglets (Alzchem Trostberg GmbH).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of guanidinoacetic acid and its preparation (GuanAMINO®) for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying, chickens reared for reproduction, turkeys for fattening, turkeys reared for reproduction (Evonik Operations GmbH).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Effect of guanidinoacetic acid on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices and metabolites, intestinal morphology, and intestinal flora of Cherry Valley broiler ducks.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of guanidinoacetic acid (Creamino®) for turkeys for fattening and reared for breeding (Alzchem Trostberg GmbH).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Efficacy of a feed additive consisting of guanidinoacetic acid (Creamino®) for weaned piglets and pigs for fattening in water for drinking (Alzchem Trostberg GmbH).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Short Supply of High Levels of Guanidine Acetic Acid, Alters Ovarian Artery Flow and Improves Intraovarian Blood Perfusion Area Associated with Follicular Growth in Sheep.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- An Evaluation of the Arginine Requirements of Broiler Chickens and the Potential Arginine and Energy-Saving Effects of Guanidinoacetic Acid.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Effect of Guanidinoacetic Acid on Production Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Meat Quality and Rumen Fermentation in Hu Sheep.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Effect of Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, Blood Indices, Nutrient Digestion, and Nitrogen Metabolism in Angus Steers.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid in a low metabolizable energy diet improves broilers growth performance by elevating energy utilization efficiency through modulation serum metabolite profile.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
- Guanidinoacetic acid in human nutrition: Beyond creatine synthesis.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- Effects of guanidinoacetic acid onFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Guanidine acetic acid supplementation altered plasma and tissue free amino acid profiles in finishing pigs.Porcine health management · 2022Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of guanidinoacetic acid for all animal species (Alzchem Trostberg GmbH).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2022Article
- Effects of Dietary Guanidinoacetic Acid on the Feed Efficiency, Blood Measures, and Meat Quality ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Guanidinoacetic acid supplementation improves feed conversion in broilers subjected to heat stress associated with muscle creatine loading and arginine sparing.Poultry science · 2020Article
- Effects of guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance, creatine and energy metabolism, and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs.Journal of animal science · 2018Article
- Safety and efficacy of guanidinoacetic acid for chickens for fattening, breeder hens and roosters, and pigs.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) occurs naturally in the body of animals (and humans) and acts as a precursor of creatine. The safe level of the product appears to be correlated with the supply of methyl donors. If an adequate supply of methyl donors is provided in the feed, a safe level of 1,200 mg GAA/kg complete feed could be established for chickens for fattening and piglets. The conclusion on piglets can be extended to pigs for fattening. In the absence of adequate data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the safety of GAA for breeder hens and roosters. GAA is not mutagenic. The effects reported in the 28- and 90-day studies do not identify any unexpected toxicity other than physiological effects. Feeding GAA would not result in GAA, creatine or homocysteine concentrations in chicken and pig tissues/organs relevant to consumer safety provided the maximum GAA concentrations in feed considered safe are respected. GAA is not an irritant to eyes and skin and not a dermal sensitiser. Significant inhalation exposure may occur. However, due to the absence of data on respiratory toxicity, no risk assessment can be performed. The use of GAA in animal nutrition is not expected to pose a risk to the environment. Considering the data previously assessed and the two new studies, the FEEDAP Panel concludes that GAA is able to improve the performance in chickens for fattening at the minimum dose of 600 mg/kg. In the absence of adequate data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the efficacy of GAA in breeder hens and roosters. In piglets, only one study was available showing that 1,200 mg GAA/kg complete feed improved growth. Therefore, the FEEDAP Panel is not in a position to conclude on the efficacy of GAA in this species.
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Registered trials
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