Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42015311›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2026

Culex territans mosquitoes as a vector of Giant Anuran Trypanosomes.

Joanna Reinhold, Isabella Roeske, Iris E Schmeder, Ella Halbert, David S Mcleod, Chloé Lahondère

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Parasites & vectors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Joanna ReinholdDepartment of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Isabella Roeske *Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Iris E Schmeder *Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Ella HalbertOberlin College, Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA.
David S McleodDepartment of Natural Sciences, Mary Baldwin University, Staunton, VA, 24401, USA.
Chloé LahondèreDepartment of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. lahondere@vt.edu.

Funding

NSF-REU Site 2349462
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAmphibian populations are declining worldwide, in part due to diseases caused by viruses, fungi, andparasites. Giant Anuran Trypanosomes (GATs) are parasites that affect frogs worldwide and require a vector to betransmitted. Culex territans is an amphibian-feeding mosquito suspected to be a vector of trypanosomes, but this hasnot previously been confirmed.

methodsIn this study, we tested blood-fed Cx. territans and blood from their primary anuran hosts, Rana clamitans and R. catesbeiana, in southwest Virginia. Additionally, we tested potential routes of transmission from the mosquito tothe frog.

resultsWe found trypanosomes present in both mosquitoes and anurans and found trypanosomes present in thefeces 2 days after being blood fed on infected frogs, as well as in the body and saliva 14 days post-feeding.

conclusionsOverall, this study contributes to our knowledge of the GAT epidemiology and the role Cx. territans mightplay in their transmission.

Indexed as

AnuraCulexMosquito VectorsRana catesbeianaRana clamitansTrypanosomaTrypanosomiasisAnimalsVirginiaAnuran parasitesBullfrogsDisease ecologyGreen frogsNorthern frog-biting mosquitoTransmission

Identifiers

PMID42015311
PMCPMC13231525

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.