Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42015090›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026

Long-term trends in incidence and mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia; a retrospective population-based study from Central Norway 1996-2022.

Ingvild Haugan, Helene Marie Flatby, Birgitta Ehrnström, Nina Vibeche Skei, Randi Marie Mohus, Erik Solligård, Frode Width Gran, Lise Tuset Gustad, Stian Lydersen, Christina Gabrielsen Ås and 2 more

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Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ingvild HauganNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Central Norway Sepsis Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway. ingvild.haugan@ntnu.no.
Helene Marie FlatbyNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Central Norway Sepsis Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway.
Birgitta EhrnströmNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Central Norway Sepsis Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway.
Nina Vibeche SkeiNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Central Norway Sepsis Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway.
Randi Marie MohusNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Central Norway Sepsis Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway.
Erik SolligårdNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Central Norway Sepsis Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway.
Frode Width GranClinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Lise Tuset GustadNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Central Norway Sepsis Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway.
Stian LydersenDepartment of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Christina Gabrielsen ÅsNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Central Norway Sepsis Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway.
Jan Kristian DamåsNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Central Norway Sepsis Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway.
Jan Egil AfsetNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Central Norway Sepsis Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis study aims to examine changes in incidence and mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) over time and between sexes, describe clinical characteristics and asses their associations with 30-day mortality.

methodsWe included 837 first-time SAB episodes from 1996 to 2022 in patients aged 18 years or older recorded in the Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust Sepsis Registry. Logistic regression was used to investigate time trends and associations with mortality. The study period was divided into early- (1996–2004), mid- (2005–2013) and late- (2014–2022) periods, and results are reported for each period and overall.

resultsThe incidence of SAB increased from 20.0 to 40.3 per 100 000 person years from the early- to the late periods, with males accounting for 522 (62.4%) of all cases. Mortality decreased from 22.6% to 19.0% in males and 29.2% to 20.0% in females. Higher age, malignancy, congestive heart failure, pulmonary infection focus, and unknown focus were associated with increased 30-days mortality.

conclusionThe incidence rate of SAB increased significantly from 1996 to 2022, with a consistently higher rate in males compared to females. While the highest mortality rate was observed in females in the earliest period, the mortality rate was similar between the sexes in the last period. The decline in mortality occurred despite an ageing patient population and a stable burden of comorbidities. With the exception of age, none of the variables associated with increased or decreased mortality changed significantly over time. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

BacteremiaStaphylococcal InfectionsStaphylococcus aureusAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedNorwayRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultBloodstream infectionEpidemiologyIncidenceLong-term trendsMortalityStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureus bacteraemia

Identifiers

PMID42015090
PMCPMC13235103

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.