Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42015050›Full record

ArticleBMC plant biology2026

Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the Caffeoylshikimate esterase (CSE) gene family in five fern species.

Xiong Huang, Pengpeng Gong, Ruixuan Chen, Jiangtao Fan, Yingxue Ma, Yingying He, Xi He

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Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xiong Huang *Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Pengpeng Gong *Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Ruixuan ChenKey Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Jiangtao FanKey Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Yingxue MaKey Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Yingying HeKey Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Xi HeKey Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China. hexi112096@163.com.

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2023M742510National Natural Science Foundation of China 32301612Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province 2025ZNSFSC0994Sichuan Province Innovative Talent Funding Project for Postdoctoral Fellows 2322999070
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFerns, comprising epiphytic, aquatic, and terrestrial varieties, are good models to investigate plant terrestrialization. Vascular tissue represents a significant development in the terrestrial adaptation of plants. Lignin is a crucial biomolecule of vascular tissue, especially in xylem. Caffeoylshikimate esterase (CSE) serves as a crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of lignin monomers. However, the comprehensive understanding of CSE in ferns remains unclear.

resultsThis study performed a genome-wide analysis of CSE genes across five fern species, identifying 95 unique members. Phylogenetic analysis, chromosome distribution studies, and gene duplication investigations indicated notable gene expansion during plant terrestrialization, especially in Alsophila spinulosa. Promoter analysis revealed multiple cis-acting elements related to stress and hormone responses, suggesting an integration of environmental signals in regulating CSE gene expressions. This study further identified two genes, AspiCSE19 and AspiCSE35, that are specifically highly expressed in the xylem and are potentially implicated in the biosynthesis of A. spinulosa lignin. Overexpression experiments suggested that AspiCSE19 and AspiCSE35 promotes lignin synthesis.

conclusionsThis study offers insights into the evolutionary diversification and functional specialization of fern CSE genes, establishing a basis for understanding lignin biosynthesis in early vascular plants.

Indexed as

FernsPlant ProteinsEvolution, MolecularGene DuplicationGene Expression Regulation, PlantGenes, PlantGenome, PlantLigninMultigene FamilyPhylogenyXylemLigninPlant ProteinsCSE gene familyFern evolutionLignin biosynthesis

Identifiers

PMID42015050
PMCPMC13130540

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