Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42014921›Full record

ArticleCommunications biology2026

Maternal-infant immune signatures in infants at risk for SARS-CoV-2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders.

Viviana Fajardo-Martinez, Fatima Ferreira, Gielenny M Salem, Tawny Saleh, Jyodi Mohole, Trevon Fuller, Mary Catherine Cambou, Tara Kerin, Rashmi Rao, Dajie Zhang and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Communications biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Viviana Fajardo-MartinezDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Vfajardo@mednet.ucla.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9000-7032
Fatima FerreiraDepartment of Pediatrics, Hospital Gaffree-Guinle, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro (Uni-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Gielenny M SalemDepartment of Microbial Sciences in Health, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6077-1606
Tawny SalehDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jyodi MoholeDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Trevon FullerLaboratory of Clinical Research on Acute Febrile Illnesses, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-4267
Mary Catherine CambouDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Tara KerinDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Rashmi RaoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Dajie ZhangDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Systemic Ethology and Developmental Science, Heidelberg University and German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Heidelberg, Germany.
Peter MarschikDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Systemic Ethology and Developmental Science, Heidelberg University and German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Heidelberg, Germany.
Rujuta B WilsonDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Maria Elisabeth L MoreiraInstituto Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Jae U JungDepartment of Microbial Sciences in Health, Cleveland Clinic Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Weiqiang ChenLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Suan-Sin FooA*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. jolin_foo@a-star.edu.sg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-8174-0893
Patricia BrasilLaboratory of Clinical Research on Acute Febrile Illnesses, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9555-7976
Karin Nielsen-SainesDepartment of Pediatrics, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1742-5211

Funding

SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnancy: Comparison of Natural Infection and Hybrid Immunity in Mother-Infant PairsK23AI177952 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Mary Catherine Cambou · 2023 to 2026
$814k
Infant Immunologic and Neurologic Development following Maternal Infection in Pregnancy during Recent EpidemicsR56AI172252 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI JUNG, JAE U, NIELSEN, KARIN · 2023 to 2023
$370k
NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI177952NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI172252
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Maternal immune activation during pregnancy has been associated with abnormal infant neurodevelopment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we enrolled pregnant individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection into a cohort study conducted in Los Angeles, United States, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and monitored their infants for neurodevelopmental outcomes. We reported a ten-fold higher rate of developmental delay in 172 SARS-CoV-2-exposed children (11.6%) compared to 128 pre-pandemic controls (1.6%) and a nearly 2-fold higher frequency of positive screens for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 218 SARS-CoV-2-exposed (10.1%) children as compared to 527 unexposed control children (5.7%) evaluated through standardized developmental tools. To identify potential biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2-associated risk of abnormal infant neurodevelopment, we evaluated the serum immunoprofiles of a subset of mother-infant dyads from this cohort. Serum proteomics profiling of 34 newborns (27 SARS-CoV-2-exposed and 7 controls) revealed 62 biomarkers dysregulated in SARS-CoV-2-exposed children at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, including activation of nicotinamide biosynthesis, microglial cells, and neutrophil extravasation. Maternal serum profiling of 51 women (33 SARS-CoV-2-positive and 18 controls) identified 34 biomarkers associated with upregulated apoptosis signaling in COVID-19 affected pregnancies. Our findings suggest prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection is potentially associated with dysregulation of maternal-infant peripheral immunity profiles reportedly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Indexed as

COVID-19Neurodevelopmental DisordersPregnancy Complications, InfectiousPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsSARS-CoV-2AdultBiomarkersBrazilCohort StudiesFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleNeurodevelopmentPregnancyBiomarkers

Identifiers

PMID42014921
PMCPMC13156292

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.