ArticleScientific reports2026
Annealing of PET/PETG specimens made with material extrusion.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This work investigated the influence of deposition orientation and post-process salt annealing on the thermal and mechanical performance of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and glycol-modified PET parts produced by Material Extrusion. The aim was to appraise the mechanical performance of salt-annealed specimens, evaluating the correct temperature window and its interaction with the build orientation. Dog-bone and flexural specimens were realized with the XY and XZ orientations, respectively, in accordance with ISO 527 and ISO 178. The parts were then placed in a bed of dried sodium chloride powder after fabrication and annealed for 120 min at 100-190 °C. Differential Scanning Calorimetry confirmed that the feedstocks were amorphous, with glass transition temperatures, and that no crystallization peaks were observed within the processing window. Infrared spectroscopy revealed temperature-dependent band shifts and salt-induced surface effects. A mild 100 °C anneal maximized the properties of both materials, whereas higher temperatures led to degradation relative to room-temperature baselines (reductions exceeding 20%). Orientation effects were also significant, with XZ specimens exhibiting lower properties than XY. Salt embedding improved thermal homogeneity but roughened and opacified surfaces, particularly in PET.
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