Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42014895›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

First principles and machine learning investigation of structural stability and optoelectronic behavior in A

Asadul Islam Shimul, Karim Kriaa, Bipul Chandra Biswas, Chemseddine Maatki, Md Azizur Rahman, Mekuria Tsegaye Alemu, Noureddine Elboughdiri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Asadul Islam ShimulDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8105, Bangladesh. shimul7246@gmail.com.
Karim KriaaCollege of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11432, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Bipul Chandra BiswasDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8105, Bangladesh.
Chemseddine MaatkiCollege of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11432, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Md Azizur RahmanRenewable Energy & Nanoelectronics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh.
Mekuria Tsegaye AlemuDepartment of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Kebri Dehar University, P.O. Box 250, Kebri Dehar, Ethiopia. mekuria.tsegaye20@uok.edu.et.
Noureddine ElboughdiriChemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, 81441, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) IMSIU-DDRSP2602
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This research examines the structural, electronic, phonon, mechanical, and optical characteristics of alkali-based double perovskites A2GaAgF6 (where A = Na, K, Rb, and Cs) through Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulation. All compounds demonstrate both dynamic and mechanical stability, with direct band gaps between 1.5 and 2.7 eV, suggesting ductile behavior and anisotropy. To further evaluate device performance, One-dimensional Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) simulations were performed. A total of 196 device architectures were investigated by integrating seven electron transport layers (ETLs: C60, In2S3, CdS, ZnO, IGZO, SnS2, and MZO) with seven-hole transport layers (HTLs: CFTS, CuI, Sb2S3, PTAA, CuSbS2, MoO3, and MoTe2). Among these configurations, four structures were examined in detail. The Al/FTO/In2S3/Na2GaAgF6/PTAA/Ni device demonstrates highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 28.87%, accompanied by a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 25.55 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 89.92%, and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.256 V. Devices utilizing K2GaAgF6, Rb2GaAgF6, and Cs2GaAgF6 demonstrated PCEs of 14.89%, 12.38%, and 7.09% respectively. The effects of contact materials, band alignment, absorber thickness, defect density, doping concentration, and interface defect characteristics were analyzed systematically. To accelerate device optimization, machine learning based on the Random Forest algorithm was developed. Analysis of feature importance indicated that the absorber band gap and defect density are the primary factors influencing device efficiency. The model exhibited high predictive accuracy, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.177 and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.972, indicating strong alignment with SCAPS-1D simulation results. This integrated framework provides a reliable and effective method for designing lead-free, sustainable, and high-performance double perovskite solar cells.

Indexed as

A2GaAgF6DFTDouble perovskite solar cellsMachine learningSCAPS-1D

Identifiers

PMID42014895
PMCPMC13270016

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