Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42014170›Full record

ArticleBMJ open ophthalmology2026

Neuropsychological influences on visual photosensitivity and its treatment in traumatic brain injury.

Shreya Bhatt, Brandon Chou, Stacey Li, Mariela C Aguilar, Heather Durkee, Alex Gonzalez, James Lai, David Valdes-Arias, Shivam P Patel, Cornelis Rowaan and 7 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Shreya Bhatt *Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.
Brandon Chou *Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5025-2976
Stacey LiOphthalmic Biophysics Center, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.
Mariela C AguilarOphthalmic Biophysics Center, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.
Heather DurkeeOphthalmic Biophysics Center, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.
Alex GonzalezOphthalmic Biophysics Center, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.
James LaiOphthalmic Biophysics Center, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.
David Valdes-AriasUniversity of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.
Shivam P PatelOphthalmic Biophysics Center, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.
Cornelis RowaanOphthalmic Biophysics Center, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.
Felipe Echeverri TribinOphthalmic Biophysics Center, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.
Gemayaret AlvarezDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
Barry E HurwitzDepartment of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.
Byron L LamAnne Bates Leach Eye Center, Miami, Florida, USA.
Elizabeth R FelixVA Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA.
Jean-Marie ParelOphthalmic Biophysics Center, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, USA.
Anat GalorVA Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA AGalor@med.miami.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-6155

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVisual photosensitivity is common following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may be influenced by neuropsychological factors. We examined relationships between visual photosensitivity thresholds (VPTs) and these factors, evaluating tinted lens responses in persons with and without TBI.

methodsParticipants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), 13-Item Pain Catastrophizing Scale-English Version (PCS-EN), Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT) and Short-Form 12-Item Survey Version 2. Lens response was calculated as the VPT difference from plano lens (PL) and categorised as mild, moderate or strong. Associations were analysed using multivariable linear and ordinal regression models adjusted for demographics.

resultsVPTs were lower in the TBI group (PL VPT: 1.5±0.9 vs 2.4±0.8 log lux; p<0.001). Among individuals with TBI, higher PCS-EN scores correlated with lower PL VPTs (β=-0.027; p=0.01). Higher PHQ-9 scores correlated with lower VPTs under FL-41 lens (FL) (β=-0.048; p=0.02) and grey-filtering lens (GL) (β=-0.051; p=0.02) conditions. Lower BTACT number series Z-scores correlated with lower VPTs under FL (β=0.349; p=0.01) and GL (β=0.376; p=0.009), suggesting greater visual photosensitivity with lower cognition. Ordinal regression indicated that higher PHQ-9 scores correlated with reduced odds of a stronger response to FL (OR=0.833; p=0.02) and GL (OR=0.829; p=0.047) lenses.

conclusionPain catastrophising was linked to greater photosensitivity, while depression reduced lens benefit in TBI. These findings support the need for targeted interventions addressing neuropsychological factors in optimising therapeutic benefit.

Indexed as

Brain Injuries, TraumaticPhotosensitivity DisordersAdultCognitionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultVisionVisual perception

Identifiers

PMID42014170
PMCPMC13110607

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.