ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2026
Patterns in methods, timing, and sequence of nicotine and cannabis co-use among adolescents.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
significanceAdolescent co-use of nicotine and cannabis increases their negative health risks. Much is still unknown about what products adolescents co-use, when, and how.
methodsWe collected a cross-sectional, self-report survey (N = 4760) in Spring 2024 across eight Connecticut high schools (M=15.86 years, 51% female, 60% White, 38% Hispanic, 22% Black, 81% straight, 10% bisexual, 4% gay/lesbian). We assessed co-use timing (i.e., same-occasion, same-day, different-day); same-occasion sequence (i.e., simultaneous, cannabis/nicotine first); nicotine and cannabis products used for same-month co-use; and methods of simultaneous co-use (e.g., blunts, spliffs). We used Chi-squared tests to examine differences in same-month, same-occasion, and simultaneous co-use rates by race, ethnicity, sex, and orientation.
resultsYouth who ever used nicotine and cannabis (n = 885) reported same-occasion co-use (83%), different-day co-use (45%), and same-day different-occasion co-use (41%). Same-month co-use differed by race, ethnicity and sexual orientation. Same-occasion co-use differed by race. Among youth reporting lifetime same-occasion co-use (n = 731), 34% used cannabis before nicotine, 31% nicotine before cannabis, and 96% both substances simultaneously. Simultaneous co-use differed by race and ethnicity. Among adolescents with same-month co-use (n = 397), the most endorsed nicotine products were e-cigarettes (74%), nicotine pouches (16%), and cigarettes (13%), with cannabis use by smoking (35%) or vaping (15%) flower and vaping concentrates (25%). The most common methods for simultaneous co-use were blunts, using two products simultaneously, and spliffs.
conclusionResults indicate a range of co-use behaviors, with elevated risk based on race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Identified co-use patterns should be examined for impacts on addiction risk and health harms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.