Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42012687›Full record

Trial reportPediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2026

Elevated serum creatinine over the first week of life and mortality risk in extremely preterm neonates: a secondary analysis of the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial (PENUT).

Melissa S Zhou, Russell Griffin, David J Askenazi, Cara L Slagle, Valerie Y Chock, Shina Menon

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01378273 (Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01378273 phase3completednot on this map

Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial (PENUT Trial)

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of WashingtonRan2013 to 2020Enrolled941ConditionsExtreme PrematurityArmsEpo, Control
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Melissa S ZhouDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. zhoums@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4349-3621
Russell GriffinDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
David J AskenaziPediatric and Infant Center for Acute Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Cara L SlagleDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Valerie Y ChockDivision of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Shina MenonDivision of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe neonatal-modified Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes acute kidney injury (KDIGO-AKI) serum creatinine (SCr) definition is widely used to characterize neonatal AKI. In extremely preterm neonates born < 28 weeks' gestational age (GA), this definition has limitations. We evaluated whether GA- and postnatal age-specific SCr thresholds during the first postnatal week could identify additional neonates at risk for mortality.

methodsIn a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial, daily 95th percentile SCr thresholds were derived over the first week of life for two GA groups (24-25 and 26-27 weeks) using neonates without KDIGO-AKI. Neonates were classified sequentially into three cohorts: KDIGO-AKI; 95th-AKI, defined by at least one SCr exceeding the daily 95th percentile thresholds in the absence of KDIGO-AKI; and controls with no AKI. Time-varying Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations with in-hospital mortality.

resultsAmong 918 extremely preterm neonates, 106 (12%) had KDIGO-AKI, 72 (8%) had 95th-AKI, and 740 (81%) had no AKI in the first postnatal week. In-hospital mortality was higher with 95th-AKI (18%) or KDIGO-AKI (18%) than with no AKI (9%) (p = 0.003). After adjusting for confounding factors, 95th-AKI was associated with an increased in-hospital mortality (adjusted HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.12-4.18), but KDIGO-AKI was not (adjusted HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.49-2.02).

conclusionsExtremely preterm neonates without KDIGO-AKI but with elevated SCr in the first postnatal week had an increased risk of in-hospital mortality. GA- and postnatal age-specific SCr thresholds may improve early detection of at-risk neonates.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01378273.

Indexed as

Acute Kidney InjuryCreatinineInfant, Extremely PrematureInfant, Premature, DiseasesErythropoietinFemaleGestational AgeHospital MortalityHumansInfant, NewbornMaleNeuroprotective AgentsProspective StudiesRisk FactorsCreatinineErythropoietinNeuroprotective AgentsAcute kidney injuryKDIGONeonatalOutcomesPreterm neonate

Identifiers

PMID42012687

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.