Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42012649›Full record

ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2026

IL-18-armed oncolytic vaccinia virus remodels the suppressive microenvironment via macrophage and Treg modulation in lymphoma.

Hui Wu, Jiaqing Zhang, Li Xu, Yifan Xie, Lingli Pan, Xinyue Zhang, Yongming Xia, Fang Yang, Xiaozhen Kang, Xiangmin Tong and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hui Wu *Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
Jiaqing Zhang *Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
Li XuZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
Yifan XieSchool of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
Lingli PanPostgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Xinyue ZhangThe Fourth Clinical Medical School of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
Yongming XiaDepartment of Hematology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, 315400, Zhejiang, China.
Fang YangDepartment of Hematology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Yuyao, 315400, Zhejiang, China.
Xiaozhen KangZhejiang Key Laboratory of Zero Magnetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China. kxz1514@163.com.
Xiangmin TongZhejiang Key Laboratory of Zero Magnetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China. tongxiangmin@163.com.
Shibing WangZhejiang Key Laboratory of Zero Magnetic Medicine, School of Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China. wangshibing@hmc.edu.cn.

Funding

Construction Fund of Key Medical Disciplines of Hangzhou-Laboratory Diagnostics 2025HZZD01Foundation of Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province LBY24H080001Foundation of Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province LKLY25H160006Foundation of Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province LKLZ26H080001Key R&D Program of Hangzhou Science and Technology Bureau 2025SZD1B13National Natural Science Foundation of China 82470182Natural Science Foundation of Hangzhou 2024SZRYBC080002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionLymphoma is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy with limited effective therapies. Oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) is a promising immunotherapy, but its monotherapeutic efficacy is suboptimal, showing weak antitumor activity in murine lymphoma models and inducing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) with more M2 macrophages and Tregs. This study aimed to improve OVV's efficacy and translational feasibility by reversing the immunosuppressive TME and enhancing OVV-mediated antitumor immunity.

methodsWe first explored IL-18's effect on OVV-induced immunosuppressive TME, then engineered a recombinant OVV-hIL18 encoding human IL-18. We assessed its in vitro oncolytic activity, in vivo antitumor effect and safety in murine/humanized lymphoma models, and its TME-regulating mechanisms.

resultsIL-18 reversed OVV-induced immunosuppression by promoting M1 polarization and reducing Tregs, boosting OVV-mediated immunity. OVV-hIL18 had enhanced in vitro oncolysis, significantly inhibited tumor growth, prolonged survival in animal models without overt toxicity, and increased CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell infiltration, effector cytokine production and relieved T cell exhaustion in TME.

conclusionIL-18-armed OVV overcomes OVV monotherapy limitations and enhances antitumor efficacy, providing theoretical and experimental support for its development as a next-generation immunotherapy for lymphoma.

Indexed as

Interleukin-18LymphomaMacrophagesOncolytic VirotherapyOncolytic VirusesT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryTumor MicroenvironmentVaccinia virusAnimalsCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansMiceInterleukin-18IL-18LymphomaMacrophagesOncolytic vaccinia virusRegulatory T cells

Identifiers

PMID42012649
PMCPMC13100099

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.