Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42011250›Full record

ArticleEClinicalMedicine2026

Remote ischaemic conditioning in patients with supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage (RICH-2): a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled phase 3 trial in China.

Wenbo Zhao, Jing Wang, Xuebin Yu, Guang Wu, Song Yang, Da Lu, Xinjing Gao, Yuping He, Lijian Niu, Haihang Zhou and 15 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04657133 (The Safety and Efficacy of Remote Ischemic Conditioning for the Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04657133 phase3unknown statusnot on this map

The Safety and Efficacy of Remote Ischemic Conditioning for the Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorCapital Medical UniversityRan2021 to 2023Enrolled452ConditionsIntracerebral Hemorrhage, Acute StrokeArmsRemote ischemic conditioning, Sham remote ischemic conditioning, Standard medication therapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Wenbo ZhaoDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Jing WangDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xuebin YuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
Guang WuDepartment of Neurology, Nanshi Hospital of Nanyang, Henan, China.
Song YangDepartment of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
Da LuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Xinjing GaoDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Hengshui, Hebei, China.
Yuping HeDepartment of Neurology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China.
Lijian NiuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Fengtai Youanmen Hospital, Beijing, China.
Haihang ZhouDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China.
Caixia XuanDepartment of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Qinzhou City, Guangxi, China.
Na LiDepartment of Geriatrics, Beijing Renhe Hospital, Beijing, China.
Mengfei ZhongDepartment of Neurology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Shandong, China.
Jiangtao ZhangDepartment of Neurology, Chengde Central Hospital, Hebei, China.
Qinglin DongDepartment of Emergency, Rizhao People's Hospital, Shandong, China.
Xiaokun GengDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Qingfeng MaDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Haiqing SongDepartment of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yunjian YinBeijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Lan LiuBeijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
David C HessDepartments of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Craig S AndersonThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Sijie LiNeurocardiology Centre, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xunming JiBeijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
RICH-2 Investigators

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Haematoma clearance is a key therapeutic target in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) has shown potential to accelerate haematoma resolution in preclinical and early-phase clinical studies. We evaluated whether RIC improves functional outcomes in patients with acute supratentorial ICH not requiring surgical intervention. Methods: In this randomised, sham-controlled, outcome-blinded trial at 20 centres in China, adults (aged 18-80 years) with imaging-confirmed supratentorial ICH (volume 10-30 mL, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 6-20, GCS >8) and no surgical indication were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive RIC or sham intervention for 7 days after randomisation, alongside standard medical management. RIC was initiated 24-48 h after onset using an upper-limb cuff inflated to 200 mmHg (sham: 30 mmHg) for five daily cycles of 5-min inflation/deflation. The primary outcome was an mRS score of 0-2 at 90 days (favourable outcome) in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04657133. Findings: Between April 22, 2021, and April 30, 2024, 458 patients were enrolled (median age 58 years [interquartile range 51-68], female 29.3%). Favourable outcome was achieved in 156 (68.1%) of 229 patients in the RIC group and 163 (71.2%) of 229 in the sham group at 90 days (adjusted risk ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.87-1.08; p = 0.61). Serious adverse events within 180 days occurred in 19 (8.3%) of 229 patients in the RIC group and 20 (8.7%) in the sham group, and no deaths were attributed to the RIC intervention. Interpretation: In patients with acute supratentorial ICH managed without surgery, RIC did not improve 90-day functional outcomes. Further research should evaluate its efficacy in selected populations using optimised protocols. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Beijing Natural Science Foundation; National Key R&D Program of China.

Indexed as

HaematomaIntracerebral haemorrhageRandomised controlled trialRemote ischaemic conditioning

Identifiers

PMID42011250
PMCPMC13092074

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.