Observational studyAnnals of the American Thoracic Society2026
Indications, techniques, and safety of cryotherapy and cryobiopsy via flexible bronchoscopy in pediatric patients.
Observational study in Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Three Cases of Primary Central Airway Tumors of Neurological and Neuroendocrine Origin in Children.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2026Article
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19 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleCryotherapy and its diagnostic analogue, cryobiopsy, are emerging techniques via bronchoscopy with a wide range of clinical applications. While the use of cryotherapy and cryobiopsy has been established in adult pulmonary medicine, pediatric data describing the indications, procedural specifics, outcomes, and complications are limited.
objectiveTo describe the indications, procedural specifics, outcomes, and complications of cryotherapy and cryobiopsy use in pediatric bronchoscopy.
methodsA multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted at 5 pediatric hospitals in the United States. Patients aged 0 to 21 years who underwent cryotherapy or cryobiopsy via bronchoscopy between January 2017 and January 2025 were included.
resultsA total of 317 cryotherapy and cryobiopsy procedures were performed in 187 patients (median age 10 [3, 15] years; 44% female). The most common indication was cryoextraction (50%), followed by cryorecanalization (38%) and cryobiopsy (17%). The 1.1-mm cryoprobe was used in 57% of cases. Cryoextraction was at least partially successful in 95% of procedures, with the most common use being removal of blood clots (57%). Cryorecanalization was at least partially successful in 93% of procedures. The use of cryobiopsy has grown the most over the past 2 years. Cryobiopsy yielded successful histopathologic evaluation in 96% of biopsy specimens with 73% diagnostic yield. Bleeding was the most common complication of cryotherapy, occurring in 35% of cases, with 96% being grade 1 or 2. No pneumothorax was observed. Other complications were rare.
conclusionsCryotherapy and cryobiopsy via bronchoscopy in pediatrics have been increasingly used, demonstrating high success and a favorable safety profile. The introduction of the 1.1-mm cryoprobe has facilitated its broader application to pediatrics. Bleeding was the most common complication but was generally mild in the context of the selected cases at specialized centers.
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